Several meteorological measurement campaigns and the high-resolution wind farm operating data (SCADA) form the basis for the other sub-projects as well as the support of structural health monitoring in IB III and oceanographic measurements in IB V.

The measurements are carried out on the basis of the measurement specification developed with the stakeholders.

Fluctuations in wind flow, especially wind ramps, hinder system-orientated wind farm operation and electricity trading. Observer-based forecasts in the minute range can support their prediction.

High-resolution lidar wind measurements enable research into the prediction of local wind dynamics on shorter, high-frequency time scales.

In this way, wake-induced yield losses and loads can be reduced and system services can be provided more accurately.

Offshore wind turbines are getting higher and higher and will soon reach completely different atmospheric wind conditions. How these laminar-turbulent winds instead of the familiar turbulent winds will affect turbine performance and loads as well as the wake is virtually unknown.

The aim is to record the complex flow dynamics, create initial forecasts for output, loads and, in particular, wakes, and ultimately verify them.

The flow conditions, loads and power output of a wind farm are influenced, among other things, by coherent structures in the inflow.

A better understanding of the interaction of these structures with the turbines is necessary in order to make future wind farms more efficient and durable.

The aim of this sub-project is to investigate how coherent flow structures move through a wind farm.

In order to integrate offshore wind farms connected via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission into the electricity grid, they will have to provide system services for the onshore transmission grid in the future.

Furthermore, it is expected that grid-forming converters will also be used in OWPs in the future, which will fundamentally change the feed-in behaviour determined by the control system and thus also the provision of ancillary services by the wind farms, or in some cases make this possible in the first place.

Control systems are therefore being developed for the provision of active power, in particular for frequency control with grid-supporting or grid-forming converters to ensure grid stability by adjusting the mechanical output and simultaneously reducing the mechanical load on the individual wind turbines to improve maintenance and extend their service life. HVDC must enable these services for the onshore transmission grid.